




Celebrating the 154th birth anniversary of Grazia Deledda, 1926 Nobel Prize for Literature
As a literary voice of extraordinary sensitivity, Grazia Deledda holds a distinguished place in 20th-century literature. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1926, she was the first Italian womanโand only the second woman overallโto receive this honor. Deleddaโs short stories are particularly significant in understanding her contribution to literature, weaving together Sardinian folklore, rural life, and the psychological struggles of her characters with lyrical precision.

Manhunt
Caccia allโuomo โ from the short story collection โSummer Sunโ, by Grazia Deledda, 1933
Translated into English by Enzo Martinelli
ยฉ๏ธ 2025 โ Enzo Martinelli
Her short fiction, found in collections like Racconti Sardi and Il Pane Sotto la Neve, offers compact yet powerful portraits of marginalized individualsโpeasants, women, and the elderlyโstruggling with moral dilemmas, fate, and social isolation. These stories reveal her deep empathy and narrative discipline, often merging realism with symbolic overtones. The rugged Sardinian landscape becomes both setting and metaphor, shaping the fates of her characters in ways both beautiful and tragic.
Deleddaโs mastery of the short story form lies in her ability to blend regional specificity with universal themes, making her work resonate far beyond her native Sardinia. Her stories remain an essential reference for scholars of verismo and feminist literature, and their quiet intensity continues to captivate contemporary readers.
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Manhunt, by Grazia Deledda
For eight days, Bernardo the Black, black in truth, with black skin, black hair, and thick hair even on his large, gnarled hands, had been wandering through the chestnut and oak woods of his region, like a bear escaped from its cage. And at times he would growl like a real bear, with anger and ferocity, if his mission had not forced him to explore the thickets and ravines of the precipitous place in perfect silence. He was looking for an enemy. An enemy in the sense that he, Bernardo, prison guard, father of a family, upright in his duties as guardian of men, had been suspended from his job for three months, accused of having facilitated, or at least allowed, the escape from the penitentiary, and specifically from the infirmary where he lay sick or pretending to be sick, of a very dangerous young criminal from his own region.
The authorities’ search had been unsuccessful, so now he was continuing it on his own, not so much to rehabilitate himself and get his job back immediately, but out of hatred and a desire for revenge against the wretch for whom he had actually shown some signs of benevolence. No man’s purpose had ever been more steadfast than his: to find the man he now considered his personal enemy and bring him back to prison, dead or alive.
*
Dead or alive: this was the exasperated cry of his heart, echoing that of the cuckoo hidden in the woods. Armed with a rifle and a revolver, a dagger, a stick, and an ox whip more fearsome than the bullets themselves, he roamed far and wide along all the paths that wound through the steep and shady places. These places were beautiful, enlivened by the late spring: the nightingales sang as if in competition, each more melodious than the other, accompanied by the chorus of running water; and along the thickets, the harsh locust trees and the gentle broom, intertwined in an equal desire for love, mixed the moonlight white and sunlit glow of their flowers.
None of this mattered to Bernardo: he would have preferred winter weather, with snow preserving the footprints of stray animals; and the shadows that, if they hide the enemy, also hide the pursuer: and in the shadows he tried to walk, skirting the trunks hollowed out by dark niches, each of which seemed to conceal the spirit of a hermit, or even his holy body, for a mysterious scent of solitude and purity emanated from them: at every sound that echoed human passage, he threw himself to the ground, behind the bushes, and his eyes glistened like those of dogs lying in wait. Then he resumed walking, disillusioned, uttering words of incantation and curse to himself. The magpies responded by mocking him with their whistles above the deserted hunters’ huts, around which tall grass grew, which he scrutinised almost strand by strand.
No one. Yet he did not despair; on the contrary, he seemed to linger in his vain search out of scruples towards himself, or perhaps even to better savour the final victory. For he felt well, and he also knew from clues given by others, that the good spot for his hunt was higher up, further away. And so he finally arrived at the tiny plateau that formed the bald spot on the top of the mountain: around it, the oak trees soared more joyfully towards the sky, and below, the cyclamen and gentians looked like gem flowers. In the middle of the clearing, a small church with a sloping roof, made entirely of dark-stained wood, also gives off a smell of resin, like a plant that has sprouted by some miracle of nature on the top of the mountain. And everything around it has a sense of miracle or at least enchantment. The sun pours an almost mystical light into the breathless atmosphere: and beneath that exaltation of silence, things seem to grow larger and take wing. Every blade of grass, every insect reflects the colours of the rainbow: every leaf has a vivid pupil that responds to that of the sun as if it were the eye of God himself.
*
And Bernardo, without wanting to, without knowing it, returned to that magical circle, overcome by a pleasant dizziness, like when he drank a glass of strong wine. He was more determined than ever to capture the escaped beast, but without slaughtering it with his relentless whip: indeed, he promised to say a Pater Noster to the little Christ in the church if his torment came to an end.
But he felt a little discouraged when he noticed that the door of the oratory was ajar: a murmur of prayers came out of it, along with the smell of incense that imitated the scent of resin. He realised that Mass was being celebrated there, so he slid along the wall to the small window of the sacristy. The small window was a little high and had a crossbar grille, but it was easy for the man to climb up, as he had done many times as a boy when, even though he knew that there was nothing in the sacristy but a cupboard and two benches, he would look inside, searching for mysteries deeper than those of the surrounding woods.
And he still feels like he is that agile, wild boy, the son of adventurous hunters with vivid imaginations, and that he has finally found a mystery, great and terrible in its transparent revelation, in the small sacristy from which emanates the smell of the tree trunks mixed with that of incense penetrating through the open door communicating with the oratory. Through this door, he could see a glimpse of the altar, with two stars of candles and, placed at the feet of the black and bleeding Christ, a plate of gentian flowers that seemed full of violet grapes. [Two friars could also be glimpsed, one celebrating Mass and the other assisting: both bald, but one blond and the other dark-haired, resembling St. Francis and St. Anthony the Hermit.
But this was not the mystery that struck Bernardo, and which he had known for a long time: what he did not know was there, before his eyes, where anger gave way to childlike amazement: for the man he was looking for, dead or alive, offered himself docile and defeated, lying on the two benches joined together in the sacristy, as if killed by his desire alone. Escaping from the infirmary, the prisoner had managed to get into the prison storerooms, where the clothes of the condemned are kept, and had disguised himself with trousers and a jacket that were too big for him: now his stiff body stood out in them like a skeleton dressed up a little clownishly by some mischievous spirit. Even his shoes, worn and muddy, close together, seemed to have been placed there on purpose under the hem of his trousers. His face could not be seen, because the friars, who had gone up to celebrate Mass in the little church as usual, had found the man already dead in the sacristy and covered him with an altar cloth. Yes, the same one they used to cover the chalice with the offering of sacrifice. Only the dead man’s hands remained uncovered, crossed on his chest: long, pale from prison and illness, but with a yellowish pallor, hard nails, and stiff, scaly fingers like the claws of birds of prey.
And Bernardo looked at those hands with an almost fascination: these were the hands that had been able to break even the bars of the penitentiary, and for which he carried handcuffs in his pocket. Now the tie that bound his wrists for eternity was a rosary of the friars, which seemed to be made of blueberry berries.
*
And when he had finished his contemplations, and also certain special philosophical considerations, good old Bernardo jumped down and shook himself off, adjusting his weapons. He felt drained, and it seemed to him that his clothes had suddenly become loose. He realised that during all that time of searching, anger and fatigue, he had lost weight: and he was hungry, just as he had been when, as a boy, he too had run away from home to go up there in search of things that could not be found.
But before refreshing himself, he wanted to fulfil his duty: first of all, he made sure that the condemned man’s death was not feigned; then he recited the Pater Noster in thanksgiving to Christ, the saviour of mankind; and finally, he discussed with the friars the best way to bring the dead man back to the point where the living man had fled.

๐ฎ๐น Caccia allโuomo, di Grazia Deledda
Da otto giorni Bernardo il Nero, nero, in veritร , di pelle, di capelli, di peli fitti fin sulle mani grosse e nodose, si aggirava nei boschi di castagni e di quercie della sua regione, come un orso fuggito dalla gabbia. E a volte avrebbe ringhiato come un vero orso, di ira e di ferocia, se la sua missione non lo avesse costretto ad esplorare nel piรน perfetto silenzio le macchie e gli anfratti del luogo precipitoso. Cercava un nemico. Nemico in questo senso che egli, Bernardo, custode carcerario, padre di famiglia, integerrimo nelle sue funzioni di guardiano dโuomini, era stato sospeso per tre mesi dallโimpiego, accusato di aver favorito, o almeno permesso, la fuga dal penitenziario, e precisamente dallโinfermeria dove giaceva malato o finto malato, di un giovane pericolosissimo delinquente suo conterraneo.
Le ricerche delle autoritร rimaste senza risultato, adesso egli le continuava per conto suo, e non tanto per riabilitarsi e riavere subito il posto, quanto per odio e desiderio di vendetta contro lo sciagurato per il quale aveva in realtร dimostrato qualche segno di benevolenza. Mai proposito dโuomo era stato piรน fermo del suo: di trovare cioรจ quello che oramai egli considerava come un nemico personale, e ricondurlo vivo o morto nel carcere.
*
Vivo o morto: questo era il singulto esasperato del suo cuore, che rispondeva a quello del cuculo nascosto nel bosco. Armato di fucile e di rivoltella, di pugnale, di bastone, e di un nerbo di bue piรน temibile delle palle stesse, egli percorreva in lungo e in largo tutte le vene dei sentieri che serpeggiavano nei luoghi scoscesi e ombrosi. Belli, dโaltronde, erano questi luoghi, allietati dalla primavera inoltrata: gli usignuoli vi cantavano come in tenzone, lโuno piรน melodioso dellโaltro, con un accompagnamento corale di acque correnti; e lungo le fratte le aspre robinie e le miti ginestre, intrecciate in un eguale desiderio dโamore, mescolavano il bianco lunare e il chiarore di sole dei loro fiori.
Di tutto questo nulla importava a Bernardo: avrebbe anzi preferito un tempo invernale, con la neve che conserva le impronte delle bestie randagie; e lโombra che, se nasconde il nemico, nasconde anche lโinseguitore: e nellโombra egli cercava di camminare, rasentando i tronchi scavati da nicchie scure dentro ognuna delle quali pareva si celasse lo spirito di un eremita, o anche il suo corpo santo, poichรฉ ne veniva fuori un misterioso profumo di solitudine e di purezza: ad ogni rumore che avesse unโeco di passaggio umano egli si buttava a terra, dietro i cespugli, e i suoi occhi luccicavano come quelli dei cani in agguato. Poi riprendeva disilluso a camminare, pronunziando entro di sรฉ parole di scongiuro e di maledizione. Gli rispondevano, sbeffeggiandolo, i fischi delle gazze, sopra le capanne deserte dei cacciatori, intorno alle quali cresceva alta lโerba che egli scrutava quasi filo per filo.
Nessuno. Eppure egli non disperava ancora; anzi pareva si attardasse nelle sue vane ricerche per scrupolo verso sรฉ stesso, o forse anche per gustare poi meglio la vittoria finale. Poichรฉ sentiva bene, e lo sapeva inoltre per indizรฎ altrui, che il punto buono per la sua caccia era piรน in alto, piรน lontano. Ed ecco che egli arriva finalmente al minuscolo pianoro che forma come la chierica del cocuzzolo del monte: intorno le querele si slanciano con piรน gioia verso il cielo tutto loro, e, sotto, i ciclamini e le genziane sembrano fiori di gemma. In mezzo allo spiazzo, una chiesetta col tetto spiovente, tutta in legno verniciato di scuro, spande anchโessa un odore di resina, come una cosa vegetale spuntata per miracolo della natura sulla sommitร del monte. E intorno tutto ha, del resto, un senso di miracolo o almeno dโincantesimo. Il sole trasfonde una luce quasi mistica nellโatmosfera senza alito: e sotto quellโesaltazione di silenzio le cose pare sโingrandiscano e mettano le ali. Ogni filo dโerba, ogni insetto riflette i colori dellโiride: ogni foglia ha una pupilla vivissima che risponde a quella del sole come allโocchio stesso di Dio.
*
E Bernardo, senza volerlo, senza saperlo, rientrรฒ in quel cerchio magico, preso da uno stordimento piacevole come quando beveva un bicchiere di vino forte. Era piรน che mai fermo nel proposito di catturare la bestia fuggita, ma senza massacrarla col suo nerbo inesorabile: e anzi prometteva di dire []un paternostro al piccolo Cristo della chiesetta, se la sua pena riusciva ad aver fine.
Ma un poโ di sconforto lo provรฒ ancora nellโaccorgersi che la porta dellโoratorio era socchiusa: ne veniva fuori un mormorio di preghiere e quel lโodore dโincenso che imitava il profumo della resina. Egli capรฌ che vi si celebrava la messa: scivolรฒ quindi lungo il muro, fino alla piccola finestra della sagrestia. Era un poโ alta, la finestruola munita di una inferriata in croce; facile perรฒ fu allโuomo arrampicarvisi, come giร molte volte lo aveva fatto da ragazzo, quando, pur sapendo che nella sagrestia non cโerano che un armadio e due panche, vi guardava dentro cercandovi misteri piรน profondi di quelili dei boschi intorno.
E ancora gli pare di esserlo, ragazzo agile e selvatico, figlio di cacciatori avventurosi dalla movimentata fantasia, e di trovare finalmente un mistero, grande e terribile nella sua trasparente rivelazione, nella piccola sagrestia dalla quale esce lโodore delle nicchie dei tronchi mescolato a quello dellโincenso che penetra dallโuscio aperto comunicante con lโoratorio. Attraverso questโuscio si vedeva di scorcio lโaltare, con due stelle di candele e, deposto ai piedi del Cristo nero e sanguinante, un piatto di fiori di genziana che pareva colmo di uva violetta. [E vi si intravedevano anche due fraticelli, uno che celebrava, lโaltro che assisteva la messa: calvi tutti e due, ma ancora uno biondo e lโaltro bruno, simili a San Francesco e SantโAntonio eremita.
Ma non era questo il mistero che colpiva Bernardo, e che egli giร conosceva da lungo tempo: quello che non conosceva era lรฌ, sotto i suoi occhi, dove lโira si spegneva per dar posto a uno stupore infantile: poichรฉ lโuomo che egli cercava, vivo o morto, gli si offriva docile e vinto, disteso sulle due panche riunite della sagrestia, come ucciso dal solo desiderio di lui. Scappando dallโinfenneria, il prigioniero aveva avuto modo di penetrare nei magazzini del penitenziario, dove si conservano le vesti dei condannati, e si era camuffato con un pantalone e una giacca troppo larghi per lui: adesso il suo corpo stecchito vi si disegnava dentro come uno scheletro rivestito un poโ buffonescamente da qualche spirito mattacchione. E anche le scarpe, logore e fangose, ben vicine lโuna allโaltra, parevano messe apposta sotto lโorlo dei pantaloni. Il viso non si vedeva, poichรฉ i fraticelli, come al solito saliti a celebrare la messa nella chiesetta, trovato lโuomo giร morto nella sagrestia, lo avevano ricoperto con una tovaglietta dโaltare. Sรฌ, la stessa della quale si servivano per coprire il calice con lโofferta del sacrifizio. Solo le mani del morto rimanevano scoperte, incrociate sul petto: lunghe, pallide di prigione e di malattia, ma dโun pallore giallastro, con le unghie dure, le dita rigide scagliose come gli artigli degli uccelli di rapina.
E Bernardo guardava quelle mani con un senso quasi di fascino: ecco, erano quelle che avevano saputo infrangere anche le inferriate del penitenziario e per le quali egli portava in tasca le manette. Adesso il laccio che ne fermava i polsi in eterno era un rosario dei fraticelli, che pareva fatto di bacche di mirtillo.
*
E quando ebbe finito le sue contemplazioni, ed anche certe sue speciali considerazioni filosofiche, il buon Bernardo saltรฒ giรน e si scosse tutto, aggiustando le sue armi. Si sentiva vuotato, e gli pareva quindi di avere anche lui gli abiti dโun tratto slargati. Si accorse, infatti, che in tutto quel tempo di ricerche, di rabbia, di fatica, si era dimagrito: e aveva fame, come quando da ragazzo scappava anche lui di casa per salire lassรน alla ricerca di cose introvabili.
Ma prima di rifocillarsi volle compiere tutto il suo dovere: si accertรฒ anzi tutto se la morte del condannato non era simulata: poi recitรฒ il paternostro di ringraziamento a Cristo salvatore degli uomini; e infine discusse coi fraticelli sul miglior modo di ricondurre il morto fino al punto donde il vivo era fuggito.


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