




Celebrating the 154th birth anniversary of Grazia Deledda, 1926 Nobel Prize for Literature
As a literary voice of extraordinary sensitivity, Grazia Deledda holds a distinguished place in 20th-century literature. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1926, she was the first Italian womanโand only the second woman overallโto receive this honor. Deleddaโs short stories are particularly significant in understanding her contribution to literature, weaving together Sardinian folklore, rural life, and the psychological struggles of her characters with lyrical precision.
The Big Fly
Il moscone โ from the short story collection โSummer Sunโ, by Grazia Deledda, 1933
Translated into English by Enzo Martinelli
ยฉ๏ธ 2025 โ Enzo Martinelli
Her short fiction, found in collections like Racconti Sardi and Il Pane Sotto la Neve, offers compact yet powerful portraits of marginalized individualsโpeasants, women, and the elderlyโstruggling with moral dilemmas, fate, and social isolation. These stories reveal her deep empathy and narrative discipline, often merging realism with symbolic overtones. The rugged Sardinian landscape becomes both setting and metaphor, shaping the fates of her characters in ways both beautiful and tragic.
Deleddaโs mastery of the short story form lies in her ability to blend regional specificity with universal themes, making her work resonate far beyond her native Sardinia. Her stories remain an essential reference for scholars of verismo and feminist literature, and their quiet intensity continues to captivate contemporary readers.
A plot of cultivated land, worth eight hundred thousand lire, is not to be sneezed at: and its owner, old Mr Massimo, did not despise it. On the contrary, he valued it even more highly, because it was the basis of his daily life and also his financial security for the future, even though that future did not look particularly bright, given that Mr Massimo was already 85 years old. he was still lively and healthy and, we might say, as fresh as the trees, agaves and rose bushes in his garden. And it was precisely this garden that constituted his precious asset: eight hundred square metres of land, considered buildable, in the centre of the city; at a thousand lire per square metre.
*
The city beat around him on the high gates covered with metal mesh and lined with ivy: it beat around him, day and night, like a sea in constant surf: and Mr Massimo sometimes felt as if he were really on the deck of a ship, sailing smoothly and safely towards a port still far away. Sitting on the green bench at the edge of the English lawn, on whose velvety grass the blue reflection of the June sky rippled, he even had the illusion of seeing a little sea water; and he rocked himself in this dream, even though the atmosphere was somewhat polluted by the characteristic smoky smell of the metropolis; the stench of asphalt, coal, petrol, cars and vehicles in motion: which, after all, could have been the smell of the great ship on its route.
That morning, however, a cool breeze was blowing from the north, sweeping the air and allowing the flowering lime trees around the lawn to exude their magical scent.
Nothing was missing from the old man’s innocent joy: not even the hope that Mrs Annetta, his faithful housekeeper, who had gone to the market herself, would bring home a nice fat lobster โ since it was a full moon โ and cook it as only she knew how.
And indeed, Mrs Annetta returned: he heard her masculine voice and turned to look towards the house, which could be glimpsed through the trees as if in the thick of a forest: for the trees were large and the house was small, just as it had been forty years earlier, with its sloping roof, the chimneys of its many fireplaces, and its rounded, gilded iron loggia; the kitchen and the ground floor rooms around the pavement, very convenient for those who are old and do not like to climb even one step: almost a little country house, in short, the colour of coffee with milk; which seems to hide among the branches, ashamed and fearful of the large buildings that surround it.
โ Here’s the lobster: twenty lire per kilo, if you like it.
It is still Mrs Annetta’s voice, clear and powerful, even unusually domineering. Even her face, placid and plump like that of a canon, is creased with indignation: one would say that she is irritated by the price of the lobster; but the owner, knowing that she will spare no expense to please him, looks at her uneasily, anticipating something worse. The thrill of a dark threat disturbs the sweet tranquillity around the bench, on which the good Mrs Annetta is seated, with all the solid weight of her ninety kilos. She holds in her hand, like a huge crab, the grey lobster that still has a few twitches of life left in it, and stares at it with bovine eyes, restless herself and almost panting. The owner says nothing; on the contrary, he plays dumb, knowing from experience that this is an excellent way to avert danger and threats.
It is not the first, second or thirtieth time that Mrs Annetta has threatened to leave: he knows that it is an unfounded intention, yet each time it arouses a hidden terror in him; not because, given his salary and the generous commission the woman enjoys, it would not be easy to replace her with another, perhaps quicker and more pleasant than her, but because she represents, for Mr Massimo, a whole era of daily habits, small joys, perhaps even tribulations, since no man’s path is free of stones and thorns; in short, a period of life that, once she is gone, will come to a melancholic and permanent end. For now, she still sits next to him on the cool bench, leaning over his large, warm, restless body and breathing heavily; but the threat is on her lips, it comes, it bursts out calmly, yes, but inexorably and definitively:
‘This time, my dear Mr Massimo, it is really true that we are leaving.
He loses his forced prudence: and it is her strange, unusual way of speaking that disturbs him most: he taps his cane on the foot of the bench, as if to punish an animal, and wants, in turn, to show himself confident, in control, domineering too.
“And have a good journey,” he said, almost shouting.
She looked at him with a certain dignified compassion.
“To whom are you saying ‘have a good trip’?
“To you, dear Mrs Annetta. Every year, at this time, she gets restless. Ever since she arrived from her beautiful native country, in the distant past, when the heat arrived, she said that her family was calling her home, that her father was waiting for her to help him with the farm work. Nonsense. All the maids, when the warm season arrives, come up with this excuse to go back outdoors and let off some steam. And it’s understandable: in the countryside, it’s different; there’s unbridled freedom, there are tomboyish boys, ready for all kinds of mischief, and nights made for love potions. When they are satisfied, these young ladies return to their imbecile masters. And you too, Mrs Annetta, repeat the same story every year. And that’s fine; but I’d like to see you reaping, climbing mulberry trees to pick leaves, drawing water from the well, toโฆ toโฆ
An explosion of satirical laughter shook his congested face: and Mrs Annetta would have laughed too, if indignation, and also amazement at her master’s impudent courage, had not aroused in her an immediate desire for revenge. She said, through clenched teeth:
‘Are you talking about me? But you’re feeling ill this morning, and you’ll feel even worse when I tell you that it’s you who has to leave here, and consequently you’ll have to evict poor Annetta too.
“But where do you want us to go? To the madhouse?”
Then the woman said no more: with cruel slowness, after placing the lobster on the floor, she rummaged in her deep pockets and pulled out a newspaper clipping: she unfolded it, deciphered it, as if it concerned only her, and finally placed it before the old man’s eyes. And he saw a topographical drawing, with streets, walls, squares, buildings, cabalistic signs: it had legs like the lobster; and underneath it was written:
‘New town plan’.
Then he understood; and it seemed to him that the web of the design was reproduced before his eyes, veiling them in black: yes, other times that threat had also terrified him, but it was vague and superficial, like that of his housekeeper: now it was there, palpable, frightening, and it cut his heart with the sword of the two great roads that marked a cross through his house and garden. When he recovered from his daze, he noticed that the woman had gone back into the house: he could hear her voice again, rumbling like distant thunder at the sly young servant, who was also always on the verge of leaving: and now he understood the reason for Mrs Annetta’s bad mood, and regretted having mistreated her; but deep down he still resented her for the bad news, as if it were her fault. Bad news? No, because a large greenish-blue metal fly swoops down from a lime tree, like a tiny buzzing bird, and circles around him, brushing his head, embroidering insistent music close to his ears, with vibrations almost like a guitar: music that reminds him of something remote, in time and space, like a previous life, sweet and wonderful. Yes, it is the fly that brings good news to children, as he once was, to waiting hearts, to women in love, to old people, like him, who are still in love with life and are also waitingโฆ.
Encouraged by this breath of hope, he reread the newspaper more carefully: and in fact, the start of work on the town plan was still a long way off: there was time to move out calmly, perhaps even joyfully, and return, like the young maids passing through, to the beautiful native land, where the great Father awaits us.

๐ฎ๐น Il moscone, di Grazia Deledda
Un appezzamento di terreno coltivato, del valore di ottocentomila lire, non รจ da disprezzarsi: e non lo disprezzava il suo proprietario, il vecchio signor Massimo, che anzi gli dava un prezzo ancora piรน inestimabile: poichรฉ vi fermava le basi della sua vita giornaliera, ed anche la sicurezza economica per lโavvenire: sebbene questโavvenire non si prospettasse straordinariamente spazioso, contando il signor Massimo i suoi bravi ottantacinque anni; vegeti, perรฒ, e sani e, diremo, anche freschi come gli alberi, le agavi, i rosai del suo giardino. Ed era appunto questo giardino che costituiva il suo prezioso patrimonio: ottocento metri quadrati di terreno, considerato fabbricabile, nel centro della cittร ; a lire mille il metro quadrato.
*
La cittร gli batteva intorno sulle alte cancellate rivestite di reti metalliche e foderate di edera: gli batteva intorno, giorno e notte, come un mare in continua risacca: e al signor Massimo pareva, a volte, di essere davvero sul ponte di una nave, che andava lieve e sicura verso un porto ancora lontano. Seduto sulla panchina verde, al margine del praticello inglese, sulla cui erbetta vellutata ondulava il riflesso azzurro del cielo di giugno, aveva anche lโillusione di vedere un poโ dโacqua marina; e si cullava in questo sogno, sebbene lโatmosfera fosse alquanto inquinata dal caratteristico odore fumoso delle metropoli; puzza di asfalto, di carbone, di benzina, di macchine e veicoli in rotazione: che del resto poteva essere appunto lโodore della grande nave in rotta.
Quella mattina, perรฒ, soffiava una brezza fresca, che veniva dal nord, e spazzava lโaria, lasciando che i tigli in fiore, intorno al praticello, esalassero tutto il loro magico profumo.
Nulla quindi mancava, al gaudio innocente del vecchio: neppure la speranza che la signora Annetta, la sua fedele governante, andata di persona al mercato, portasse a casa una bella aragosta piena. โ poichรฉ si era appunto al plenilunio, โ e la cucinasse come lei sola sapeva fare.
Ed ecco infatti la signora Annetta ritorna: egli ne sente la voce maschia, e si volge a guardare verso la casa che sโintravede fra gli alberi come nel fitto di un bosco: poichรฉ gli alberi sono grandi e la casa รจ piccola, tale quale era quarantโanni prima, col tetto spiovente, i comignoli dei molti camini, la loggia di ferro panciuta e dorata; la cucina e le stanze terrene al piano del marciapiede intorno, comodissime per chi รจ vecchio e non ama salire neppure un gradino di scala: quasi una casetta di campagna, insomma, color caffelatte; che pare si nasconda tra le fronde, vergognosa e paurosa delle grandi costruzioni che la circondano.
โ Ecco lโaragosta: venti lire al chilo, se le piace.
ร sempre la voce della signora Annetta, chiara e potente, anzi prepotente in modo insolito. Anche il viso di lei, placido e grasso come quello di un canonico, รจ increspato di sdegno: si direbbe chโella sia irritata per il prezzo dellโaragosta; ma il padrone, sapendo chโella, pur di contentarlo, non lesina sulla spesa, la guarda inquieto, prevedendo qualche cosa di peggio. Il brivido di una oscura minaccia turba la dolce quiete intorno alla panchina, sulla quale si รจ assisa, con tutto il peso solido dei suoi novanta chili, la brava signora Annetta. Ella tiene in mano, come un granchio enorme, lโaragosta grigia che ha ancora qualche guizzo di vita, e la fissa con gli occhi bovini, inquieta pur lei e quasi ansante. Il padrone non fiata; anzi fa il finto tonto, sapendo per esperienza che questo รจ un ottimo sistema per scongiurare pericoli e minacce.
Non รจ la prima nรฉ la seconda nรฉ la trentesima volta che la signora Annetta minaccia di andarsene: egli sa che รจ un proposito senza fondamento, eppure ogni volta gli desta un occulto terrore; non perchรฉ, dati lo stipendio e la cresta abbondante di cui la donna usufruisce, non sia facile sostituirla con unโaltra, magari piรน svelta e piacevole di lei, ma perchรฉ ella rappresenta, per il signor Massimo, tutta unโรจra di abitudini quotidiane, di piccole gioie, magari anche di tribolazioni, poichรฉ non cโรจ strada dโuomo priva di sassi e di spine; insomma unโepoca di vita che, andata via lei, si chiuderร melanconicamente e per sempre. Per adesso ella siede ancora accanto a lui, sulla panchina refrigerante, si piega sul grosso corpo caldo in subbuglio e respira forte; ma la minaccia รจ sulle sue labbra, viene, scoppia calma, sรฌ, ma inesorabile e definitiva:
โ Questa volta, caro il mio signor Massimo, รจ proprio vero che ce ne andiamo.
Egli perde la sua forzata prudenza: ed รจ lo strano, insolito modo di parlare di lei che piรน lo turba: batte il suo bastoncino di canna dโIndia sul piede della panchina, come si tratti di castigare un animale, e vuole, a sua volta, dimostrarsi sicuro, padrone di sรฉ, anche lui prepotente.
โ E buon viaggio, โ disse quasi gridando.
Ella lo guardรฒ con una certa dignitosa compassione.
โ A chi lo dice, buon viaggio?
โ Ma a lei, pregiatissima signora Annetta. Tutti gli anni, di questi tempi, le vengono le smanie. Fin da quando รจ giunta dal suo bel paese natio, nel tempo dei tempi, arrivato il caldo, diceva che la sua famiglia la richiamava a casa, che suo padre la aspettava per aiutarlo nei lavori campestri. Balle. Tutte le ragazze di servizio, giunta la dolce stagione, tirano fuori questa scusa per tornare allโaperto e darsi un poโ di sfogo. E si capisce: in campagna รจ unโaltra cosa; cโรจ libertร sfrenata, ci sono i maschiacci, pronti a tutti i pizzicotti, e le notti fatte apposta per gli intrugli dโamore. Quando poi sono soddisfatte, queste signorine tornano dai padroni imbecilli. E anche lei, signora Annetta, tutti gli anni ripete la stessa storia. E che vada pure; ma la vorrei vedere a mietere, ad arrampicarsi sui gelsi per cogliere la foglia, ad attingere acqua dal pozzo, a…. a….
Uno scoppio di riso satiresco gli sconvolse il viso congestionato: e avrebbe riso anche la signora Annetta se lo sdegno, ed anche la meraviglia per il coraggio impudente del padrone, non le avessero destato piuttosto un immediato desiderio di vendetta. Disse, a denti stretti:
โ Parla di me? Ma lei si sente male, stamattina; e piรน male si sentirร quando le avrรฒ detto che รจ proprio lei che deve andarsene, di qui, e in conseguenza deve sloggiare anche la povera Annetta.
โ Ma dove vuole che andiamo? Al manicomio?
Allora la donna non parlรฒ piรน: con lentezza crudele, dopo aver deposto per terra lโaragosta, si frugรฒ nelle tasche profonde e ne trasse un ritaglio di giornale: lo spiegรฒ, lo decifrรฒ, come cosa che riguardasse lei sola, infine lo mise sotto gli occhi del vecchio. Ed egli vide un disegno topografico, con strade, muri, piazze, edifizi, segni cabalistici: aveva le branche come lโaragosta; e sotto cโera scritto:
ยซNuovo piano regolatoreยป.
*
Allora capรฌ; e gli parve che la rete del disegno gli si riproducesse sugli occhi, velandoli di nero: sรฌ, altre volte anche quella minaccia lo aveva atterrito, ma vaga e superficiale come quella della sua governante: adesso era lรฌ, palpabile, paurosa, e gli tagliava il cuore con la spada delle due grandi strade che segnavano una croce attraverso la sua casa e il suo giardino. Quando si riprese dal suo stordimento si accorse che la donna era rientrata in casa: ne sentiva di nuovo la voce che brontolava come un tuono lontano contro la giovane serva sorniona, anche questa sempre sulle mosse di partire: e adesso capiva il perchรฉ del malumore della signora Annetta, e si pentiva di averla maltrattata; ma in fondo le serbava rancore per la cattiva notizia, quasi fosse dipesa da lei. Cattiva notizia? Ma no, chรฉ un grosso moscone di metallo verdazzurro piomba a picco da un tiglio, come un minuscolo uccello ronzante, e gli volteggia attorno, gli sfiora la testa, gli ricama rasente alle orecchie una musica insistente, con vibrazioni quasi di chitarra: una musica che gli ricorda qualche cosa di remoto, nel tempo e nello spazio, come di una vita anteriore, dolce e meravigliosa. Sรฌ, รจ il moscone che porta le buone notizie, ai bambini, come anche lui lo รจ stato, ai cuori che aspettano, alle donne innamorate, ai vecchi, come lui, che sono pur essi ancora innamorati della vita e pur essi aspettano….
Ripreso da questo alito di speranza rilesse meglio il giornale: e infatti lโinizio dei lavori del piano regolatore era di lร da venire: cโera tempo da sloggiare con calma, forse anche con gioia, e tornarsene, come le giovani serve di passaggio, al bel paese natio, dove il grande Padre ci aspetta.


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